Pdf on nov 1, 1998, t r cheatle and others published the history of landmines. The ebook is optimized for ereader devices and apps, which means that it offers a much better digital reading experience than a pdf, including resizable text and. Download pdf the banning of anti personnel landmines the. The convention does not prohibit the transit of anti personnel mines, which is defined as the movement of anti personnel mines within a state, or from a state, to its forces abroad.
The mines typically have an operating pressure of 1 to. The only solution to this global pox, is a total, worldwide ban on the manufacture, sale, storage, and deployment of anti personnel landmines, through the united nations, and supported by the united states. A cross design of cluster survey and rapid appraisal methods including a. A 1998 publication, the history of landmines, argues that modern landmines trace their lineage from nonexplosive predecessors such as the spikes and stakes that were employed by ancient armies. In addition to farmable land, power lines, roads, bridges, railroads, and airports, even schools, factories and cattle dip tanks were mined. Charles stanley delves greatly in the specific dangers of each landmine and the consequences if we ignite them. The amount of such mines shall not exceed the minimum number absolutely necessary for the abovementioned purposes. This book is great for teaching us chrisitians the importance of avoiding these landmines in our lives. But anti personnel mines continue to kill and maim even though the war is over.
And it is mainly civilians who suffer the horrific consequences. The process was a bold gamble that paid off largely as a result of the advocacy work of the international campaign to ban landmines and the international committee of the red cross working in partnership with a core group of states that were equally committed to a ban on anti personnel mines. There are severalhundred different kinds of anti personnel mines in use by many countries. Anti personnel landmines are an insidious weapon of war. As time passes, the location of landmines is often forgotten, even by those who planted them.
Mines can be either outlined as anti personnel or anti tank. A catalogue record for this book is available from the british library isbn 0 521 78317 8 hardback. International committee of the red cross, 1997, 88p. Landmines have been much in the news in recent months, but few today know much about them. Understanding landmines and mine action september 2003 prepared by robert keeley page 2 landmines and unexploded ordn ance. They are often designed to injure rather than kill in order to increase the logistical support evacuation, medical burden on the opposing force. In the ancient world, buried spikes provided many of the same functions as modern mines.
New technologies could replace some, but not all, of the u. Antipersonnel landmines international committee of the red. Convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling. Unlike a conventional land mine, the claymore is commanddetonated and directional, meaning it is fired by remotecontrol and shoots a pattern of metal balls into the kill zone like a shotgun. A military and political history of antipersonnel weapons. Antipersonnel ap mines to act as an obstacle to troops, and hence delay clearance of antitank mines. The use of minelike devices has a long history in military operations,3 but. It is very insightful with lots of wisdom from a very wise man.
Sometimes referred to as the ottawa convention, the mine ban treaty is officially titled. It has articles by noted people in the anti personnel landmine ban campaign. Today, the obama administration is announcing new policy changes that bring the united states closer to that goal. Read chapter 3 current uses of antipersonnel landmines. In the negotiations leading up to its adoption, european advocates of a mine ban were faced with a choice of accommodating us demands for special exemptions or concluding an agreement without us support. Antipersonnel mines may be classified into blast mines or fragmentation mines, the latter may or may not be a bouncing mine. As well as offering a historical perspective of this devils garden, the authors also give an overview of the risk and cost of landmines today. The 1997 convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti personnel mines and on their destruction is the international agreement that bans antipersonnel landmines.
The history of land mines can be divided up into three main phases. This book is an introduction to the purposes and practices of mine action. This book examines potential technologies for replacing antipersonnel landmines by. The banning of antipersonnel landmines the legal contribution of the international committee of the red cross edited by. It can also be introduced in art, computer, language, geography, and history classes our imagination is the limit. The first landmine, the m14, is a pressureoperated blast mine. That is why, since i called for the global elimination of land mines in 1994, the united states has been at the forefront of the effort to ban them not just in words. An antipersonnel ap landmine is designed to be detonated by.
Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. In the anti personnel mine ban convention also known as the ottawa treaty and the protocol on mines, boobytraps and other devices, a mine is defined as a munition designed to be placed under, on or near the ground or other surface area and to be exploded by the presence, proximity or contact of a person or vehicle. The second section of this paper provides a background for the issue of anti personnel mines. The banning of anti personnel landmines the legal contribution of the international committee of the red cross 1955 1999 download the banning of anti personnel landmines the legal contribution of the international committee of the red cross 1955 1999 ebook pdf or read online books in pdf, epub, and mobi format. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the devils gardens. How landmines work one of the most deadly legacies of the 20th century is the use of landmines in warfare. In the international campaign to ban landmines icbl successfully lobbied for the 1997 convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of antipersonnel mines and on their destruction 1997 mine ban treaty by september 1998, 40 countries had ratified the treaty, thus making the treaty international law on 1 march 1999. Transfer of antipersonnel mines and on their destruction, commonly. While most of them were ready to make farreaching concessions to the us, a small core group remained. A study of the military use and effectiveness of anti personnel mines 0654002 06. Jody williams, the 1997 nobel peace prize winner, for her work in the aplm ban campaign. Anti personnel mines are a form of mine designed for use against humans, as opposed to anti tank mines, which are designed for use against vehicles. Anti personnel mines are designed to kill or injure enemy combatants as opposed to destroying vehicles.
Pmn series of anti personnel land mines is one of the most widely used landmines in the world. Anti personnel landmines rank as one of the top six preventible causes of child mortality in developing nations. World war i scenes in england and france associated with the 322nd infantry and 81st 14791939204. Read more by entering this website, you consent to the use of technologies, such as cookies and analytics, to customise content, advertising and provide social media features. Media in category anti personnel landmines the following 48 files are in this category, out of 48 total.
Land mines seriously undermine the economy and food security in. Electrically triggered mines of surprising sophistication were used by confederates defending charleston and wilmington in the american civil war, but the. Both have caused great suffering in the past decades. The pmd6, pmd7 and pmd57 series mines are soviet union blasttype antipersonnel mines that consist of a wooden box with a hinged lid with a slot cut into it. They keep on injuring and killing people long after the war has ended. It bans the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti personnel landmines. They can lie dormant for years and even decades under, on, or near the ground until a person or animal triggers their detonating mechanism. In december 1997, 122 countries signed the convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti personnel mines and on their destruction, known as the ottawa convention, banning apl see appendix e for text. This box sits on two sets of legs or a stand, and is generally coloured olive, black. The united nations general assembly passed a resolution in 1996 calling for vigorous pursuit of negotiations on a ban treaty as soon as possible.
The m18a1 claymore is a directional antipersonnel mine developed for the united states armed forces. Antipersonnel landmines international committee of the. Each state is obliged to clear all emplaced anti personnel mines in mined areas under its jurisdiction or control as soon as possible but not later than 10 years after it becomes a party to the convention article 5. A pdf is a digital representation of the print book, so while it can be loaded into most ereader programs, it doesnt allow for resizable text or advanced, interactive functionality. Mike croll released his book the history of landmines ten years ago.
Friend or foe a study of the military use and effectiveness of antipersonnel mines. This book provides an overview of the work of the icrc concerning landmines from 1955 through 1999. List of books and articles about landmines online research. Nov 21, 2007 the ottawa conventions clear and simple message, to ban anti personnel landmines, caused the convention to be quickly adopted, and has undeniably led to reductions in the humanitarian hazards generated by indiscriminately used anti personnel landmines. Drawing from minecountermine operations field manual fm2032, us army. This approach to landmines is not limited to social studies. Landmines are broadly classified into two categories, as 1 anti personnel and 2 anti tank, that are targeted at and detonated by people. The landmine action smart book james madison university. Kenneth rutherford, who lost both his legs in a landmine incident in somalia. Antipersonnel landmines 535 international conference for a global ban on antipersonnel landmines,brussels,belgium,2427 june 1997 541 humanitarian aspects an integrated and coordinated approach, statement of cornelio sommaruga, president, icrc, geneva 541 declaration of the brussels conference on antipersonnel landmines 545 press. Since the treaty became law, countries may no longer. Landmines and cluster munitions have been used extensively around the globe since world war ii. What makes them different from most anti tank mines, however, is their smaller size, which enables large numbers to be simultaneously deployed over a large area.
The transfer of antipersonnel mines for the purpose of destruction is permitted. From a theoretical point of view, several principles of war underpin land combat operations. Jun 29, 2002 antipersonnel landmines rank as one of the top six preventible causes of child mortality in developing nations. This handbook is not an instruction manual for working with. Ap mines act to injure or kill victims by both the explosive blast and the fragmentary metal debris projected upon detonation. Antipersonnel landmines apl, an often lowtechnology, inexpensive staple of armies. It was adopted in 1997 and it entered into force on 1 march 1999. Understanding landmines and mine action july 2003 prepared by robert keeley page 9. A guide to mine action, fifth edition, gichd, geneva, march 2014 isbn 9782940369485 the geneva international centre for humanitarian demining gichd is an international expert organisation based in switzerland that works to eliminate mines, explosive remnants of war and other explosive hazards.
History and negotiation of the ottawa treaty,article by s. In the international campaign to ban landmines icbl successfully lobbied for the 1997 convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti personnel mines and on their destruction 1997 mine ban treaty by september 1998, 40 countries had ratified the treaty, thus making the treaty international law on 1. An antipersonnel mine will kill a soldier but is ineffective against a tank. For a variety of reasons these solutions are considered unlikely to significantly reduce civilian casualties and the disruption of civilian life due to landmines. Our selection ranges from static anti tank and anti personnel mines to replica landmines with working pressure plates for interactive training. Mines can be either designed as anti personnel or anti tank. They can lie dormant for years and even decades under, on, or near the ground until a. It was designed in the soviet union to be inexpensive and simple to manufacture, which led to it being one of the most commonly found landmines during demining operations. The slot presses down against a retaining pin, which holds back the striker. It explains the history of landmine use, and the turning point at which it convention on the prohibition of the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of anti personnel mines. Websites landmines and explosive remnants of war research. Similar in function is the boobytrap, which the protocol.
The exact origin of the antipersonnel mine is the subject of debate. As with the pmn1, the pmn2 has an unusually large explosive filling when compared to many other antipersonnel landmines. Sep 23, 2014 president clinton, in his 1994 address to the united nations general assembly, called for the eventual elimination of anti personnel landmines apl. The landmine treaty, popularly known as the ottawa treaty was drawn up in 1997dec. Anti personnel landmines continue to have tragic, unintended consequences years after a battle and even the entire war has ended. Click download or read online button to the banning of anti personnel landmines. This book is a great concise history of the use and defeat of landmines from early history to today. In addition, states that accede to the convention accept that they will destroy both stockpiled and emplaced antipersonnel mines, and assist the victims of landmines. Some types of anti personnel mines can also damage the tracks or wheels of armored vehicles. Anti personnel ap mines there are hundreds of different types of ap mine 7, though probably only about.
This appendix provides descriptions of currently available antipersonnel landmines apl and some antitank at mines that are part of mixed systems see table c1. Its inventor, norman macleod, named the mine after a large medieval scottish sword. It is also permitted to transfer anti personnel mines for the purpose of their destruction article 3. Friend or foe a study of the military use and effectiveness of anti personnel mines. Read more by entering this website, you consent to the use of technologies, such as cookies and analytics, to customise content, advertising and. It bans the use, stockpiling, production and transfer of antipersonnel mines. Media in category antipersonnel landmines the following 48 files are in this category, out of 48 total. More landmine photos, rendersafe procedures, equipment. The clinton administration announced, the united states will sign the ottawa convention by 2006 if. Mar 17, 2020 the center for international stabilization and recovery cisr, formerly the mine action information center maic, is a public policy center that manages information, conducts training, holds conferences and workshops, and performs research relevant to humanitarian mine clearance, victim assistance, mine risk reduction and other explosive remnants of war.
If current presidential policy continues, all of the pure apl described here, with the exception of the claymore, will be unavailable to the u. To document the effects of land mines on the health and social conditions of communities in four affected countries. Antipersonnel landmines are explosive devices designed to injure or kill people. Canada, however, discourages the use of canadian territory, equipment or personnel for the purpose of transit of anti personnel mines. One significant difference between the pmn1 and pmn2 is that the pmn2 a mid1970s design contains a more modern fuze with an integral baffle beneath the pressure plate. Antipersonnel mines are a form of mine designed for use against humans, as opposed to antitank mines, which are designed for use against vehicles.
Various angles, from the military who sows them, to the deminers who defang them, and ultimately, the unfortunate who encounter them are highlighted. A guide to mine action, fifth edition, gichd, geneva, march 2014. The international committee of the red cross has played a key role in the effort to ban anti personnel landmines. Inert products, llc manufactures and sells replica mines that are 100 percent inert, and are safe for any training scenario. Landmine policy and the ottawa convention ban on anti. Anti personnel ap mines are designed to be activated by people, whilst anti tank at mines are intended to defeat tanks or other armoured vehicles. Anti personnel landmines are prohibited under the convention on the. Antipersonnel landmine definition of antipersonnel. The international campaign to ban landmines icbl, a coalition of nongovernmental organizations, won the 1997 nobel peace prize for its efforts to bring about the signing of the treaty.
In spite of the fact that the history about m ines. Mike croll describes the history of these weapons, which some specialists trace back to the 5th century bc, from their earliest use to the present day. A boundary fence and markers to indicate the presence of mines 28 typical conventional minefield layouts mixed minefields. According to the international campaign to ban landmines icbl, more than 350 different kinds of anti personnel mines have been produced by more than 50 countries. As a result of the last 50 years of wars in europe, africa, asia and latin america, an estimated 70100 million antipersonnel land mines are still active and in place worldwide, and another 100 million exist in stockpiles. Landmines could be considered appropriate weapons in the execution of all of these principles but figure most often in the following four. The story of landmines kindle edition by lydia monin. Anti personnel landmine synonyms, anti personnel landmine pronunciation, anti personnel landmine translation, english dictionary definition of anti personnel landmine. Army doctrinal manual on landmines, field manual 2032. Trump administration expected to loosen militarys limits. The devastation caused by mines in mozambique is striking.
Modern technology land mines detection neutralization. Anti personnel mines are used in a similar manner to anti tank mines, in static mine fields along national borders or in defense of strategic positions as described in greater detail in the land mine article. Landmines are broadly classified into two categories, as 1 antipersonnel and 2 antitank, that are targeted at and detonated by people. For the purposes of this article, we have chosen two landmines developed by the united states military that demonstrate the varying characteristics of landmines. Anti personnel mines may be classified into blast mines or fragmentation mines, the latter may or may not be a bouncing mine. The first empirical chapter deals with the anti personnel landmines convention. An antipersonnel mine is a mine designed to be exploded by the presence, proximity, or contact of. It is usually referred to as the ottawa convention or the anti personnel mine ban treaty. Alternative technologies to replace antipersonnel landmines.
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